The Imperial Museum (Museu Imperial) is located in the Imperial Palace, the former summer residence of Emperor Dom Pedro II of Brazil. The palace was built between 1845 and 1862 in the neoclassical style with elements of Renaissance architecture. After the overthrow of the monarchy in 1889, the palace became state property. In 1940, the palace was transformed into a museum. The official opening of the Imperial Museum took place in 1943.
The palace measures approximately 60 meters by 40 meters. The palace and its surrounding extensive gardens designed in a style inspired by European palatial residences cover an area of approximately 18.4 hectares.
The main rooms of the palace are:
- State rooms, such as the imperial salon and dining room,
- The imperial office where Dom Pedro II worked,
- Private rooms, including the bedrooms of the imperial family,
- Library and archives where historical documents are kept,
- The Coronation Hall, where the imperial insignia are displayed.
The Imperial Museum's most important collections include:
1. Imperial Insignia and Regalia
- One of the most famous and valuable exhibits is the imperial crown of Dom Pedro II, decorated with precious stones and made of the highest quality gold.
- The museum also has other insignia of power, such as the imperial scepter and coronation robes, which symbolize imperial power in Brazil.
2. Collection of Imperial Furniture and Interiors
- The museum contains original period furniture and furnishings, including elegant sofas, chairs, tables, beds and chests of drawers that were used by the imperial family.
3. Paintings and Portraits of the Imperial Family
- The collection of paintings includes numerous portraits of Dom Pedro II, his wife, Empress Teresa Christina, and their children, including Princess Isabella.
- There are also paintings by Brazilian painters depicting court life and landscapes from the era.
4. Outfits and Jewelry
- The museum houses numerous costumes belonging to members of the imperial family, including ceremonial and everyday clothing, which reflect the fashion of the Brazilian aristocracy of the 19th century.
- The collection also includes jewelry items such as brooches, necklaces and rings decorated with precious stones.
5. Historical Documents and Letters
- One of the most important sections of the museum is the archive, which preserves manuscripts, letters, government documents and other writings related to Dom Pedro II, including his diaries and correspondence.
6. Book and Scientific Collections of Dom Pedro II
- Dom Pedro II was passionate about science, and his book collection includes works from various fields such as astronomy, geology and literature.
- There are also scientific instruments that the emperor used for scientific research and observations.
7. Souvenirs and Everyday Use Items
- The museum's collection includes personal memorabilia of the imperial family, such as toiletries, watches, tableware, and everyday items that allow you to better understand their lifestyle.
8. Exhibits related to the Abolition of Slavery
- The museum also contains items related to the Golden Law Decree of 1888, which was signed by Princess Isabella and ended slavery in Brazil. It is a key moment in the country's history and an important aspect of the museum's heritage.
The Imperial Museum has approximately 300,000 exhibits.

Prague Castle - a castle complex built from the 9th century in all historical architectural styles. One of the largest castles in the world, it covers an area of almost 7 ha. It was the seat of Czech kings, Roman emperors and Czechoslovak presidents. It stores the Czech Crown Jewels.
Main objects:
- Old Royal Palace
- St. Vitus Cathedral
- St. George's Basilica
- Queen Anne's Summer Palace (Belvedere)
- Spanish Hall
- Vladislav Hall
There are several museums in the castle, including:
- collection of Czech baroque and mannerism of the National Gallery
- Prague Castle picture gallery, referring to the collection of Rudolf II
- exhibition on the history of the Czech Republic
- toy museum

Photo: © Prague City Tourism

National museum (Národní muzeum) founded in 1818, located in several buildings in Prague and beyond.
Museum collections: Asian cultures, ethnographic, non-European ethnography, numismatic, non-European numismatics, Middle East and Africa in Antiquity, photographic of the Náprstek Museum, Náprstek inventory, Náprstek Museum archives, musical instruments, Department of Music History, Antonín Dvořák Museum, Bedřich Smetana Museum, book, book culture, manuscripts and early prints, historical journals, entomological, archeology, classical archeology, historical, theater, Museum of the Workers' Movement in the National Museum Archives, modern Czech history, Museum of the Workers' Movement, National Museum Archives, Czechoslovak Documentation Center, Department of the History of Physical Education and Sports - 3D objects, photo archive of the Department of the History of Physical Training and Sports, archives of the history of physical education and sports, paleontological, lichenological, anthropology, botanical and herbarium, mycological, geological, cut gemstones, petrographic, tektites, meteorites, mineralogical, mammals, fishes, invertebrates, excluding insects, amphibians and reptiles, birds.
All collections include over 20 million items.

The City of Prague Museum officially opened to the public in 1883.
The collection is dedicated to the history of the city of Prague. The museum has 14 branches located throughout the city.

The museum is located in the former royal palace. The Louvre Museum was officially opened in 1793.
About 38,000 works of art were exhibited on the exhibition area of ​​over 60,000 square meters. The Louvre's full resources are 350,000 exhibits.
The exhibits collected at the Louvre Museum were assigned to eight collections:
The art of ancient Egypt - e.g. "The Great Sphinx",
The art of ancient Greece and Rome - e.g. "Venus of Milo", "Nike of Samothrace",
Art of the Ancient Near East - e.g. Hammurabi Codex document, figure of the goddess Nephthys,
Islamic art - e.g. Waza Barberini, Josse's Shroud,
Sculpture - e.g. Antonio Canova's Cupid and Pyche, Michelangelo's Dying Captive,
Painting - works of the best French, Flemish, Dutch or German painters, above all Leonardo da Vinci's "Mona Lisa",
Art Craft - e.g. Harbaville Triptych, Polyptych with Mary and Baby Jesus,
Drawing and Graphics - e.g. Eugène Delacroix drawings and watercolors.

Center Pompidou opened in 1977.
The Center Pompidou houses one of the world's most important collections of modern and contemporary art. There are also large temporary exhibition galleries and a library.

Musée d'Orsay opened to the public in 1986. In 2010, the Musée de l'Orangerie joined the Musée d'Orsay.
The collection mainly contains French art from 1848–1918: painting, sculpture, photography and furniture. Among the collections of paintings, the most popular are the works of impressionists and post-impressionists, e.g .:
- Paul Cézanne - Card Players (1893–1896), Apples and Oranges (1895–1900);
- Edgar Degas - Absinthe (1875–76), Blue Dancers (1890);
- Paul Gauguin - Self Portrait with Yellow Christ (1889–1890), Tahitian Women on the Beach (1891);
- Édouard Manet - Olimpia (1863), Breakfast on the grass (1863);
- Claude Monet - Saint-Lazare Train Station (1877), cycle Cathedral of Rouen (1892–93), Water Lilies (1916–19);
- Auguste Renoir - Ball at Moulin de la Galette (1876);
- Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec - Toilet (1896);
- Vincent van Gogh - Portrait of Dr. Gachet (1890).

Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie was officially opened in 1986.
It covers an area of ​​150,000 square meters.
Specializes in the dissemination of scientific and technological knowledge. It consists of, among others, Explora, planetarium, and IMAX cinema. The museum also has an Argonaute submarine from 1958.
Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie combined with Palais de la Découverte (2010) in the Universcience (EPIC status).

In March 2021, the Grand Palais closed its doors to enter a major renovation phase. This will last until the Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games for the Nave and surrounding galleries, and until June 2025 for the rest of the building. 121 years after its creation, the Grand Palais is writing a new page in its history.

Entrée principale de la Nef du Grand Palais © Chatillon Architectes pour le GrandPalaisRmn, 2020

Army Museum opened in 1905.
Permanent exhibition area: 9,800 square meters, temporary exhibition: 600 square meters. Number of exhibits around 500,000.
It is divided into two parts; the first presents weapons and armor created between the 13th and 17th centuries, the second presents weapons and vehicles from World War I and II.

Musée du quai Branly - Jacques Chirac founded in 2006.
The museum collects ethnographic objects, art, photographs, documents, musical instruments, textiles from Asia, Africa, the Americas and Oceania.
The entire collection includes over 1360,000 exhibits, of which 3,500 are exhibited.
The exhibitions cover 40,600 square meters.

The Eiffel Tower built in two years by Gustave Eiffel for the World Exhibition in 1889.
It is a wrought iron truss tower.
The height of 330 meters. At the base, on a square plan with a side of 125 meters. The tallest building in the world from its inception to 1930.
On the third floor platform you can see a reconstruction of the wax museum type, showing Gustave Eiffel receiving Thomas Edison.

Petit Palais founded in 1900.
Petit Palais - City of Paris Fine Art Museum presents collections of: medieval and Renaissance paintings and drawings, furniture from the 18th century, works of French artists of the 19th century (among others: Ingres, Delacroix, Courbet, Monet, Cézanne, Modigliani, Rodin).

Petit Palais vu du Grand Palais © Didier Messina, 2013

Musée de l'Orangerie opened in 1927. In 2010, it joined the Musée d'Orsay.
Musée de l'Orangerie exhibits Claude Monet's Water Lilies cycle consisting of 8 panels, each 2 meters high and 91 meters long, arranged in 2 oval galleries. In the Musée de l'Orangerie you can also see paintings by other Impressionists and Post-impressionists, such as Paul Cézanne, Henri Matisse, Amedeo Modigliani, Pablo Picasso, Pierre-Auguste Renoir.
Area of 6,300 square meters.

The Fondation Louis Vuitton (FLV) opened in 2014.
The museum is dedicated to contemporary art. The museum's collection will include works by artists such as Gerhard Richter, Christian Boltanski, Jeff Koons, Jean-Michel Basquiat.
The FLV manages the Espace Louis Vuitton. The Espace Louis Vuitton is an exhibition place encouraging creation of new contemporary artworks in Tokyo, München, Venezia, Beijing, Seoul and Osaka..

© Iwan Baan / Fondation Louis Vuitton, 2014

The National Museum of Natural History (MNHN) was founded in 1635 as a royal garden of medicinal plants, formally founded in 1793. It has 68 million specimens in its collection.
MNHN is divided into:
Garden of plants
- Gallery of Evolution
- Cabinet of Virtual reality
- Paleontology and comparative Anatomy Gallery
- Mineralogy and Geology Gallery
- Botanical Gallery
- Grandes Serres du Jardin des Plantes
- Ménagerie, the zoo of the Jardin des Plantes
- Amphithéâtre Verniquet
- Grande Galerie de l’Évolution Auditorium
- Children’s Gallery
Museum of mankind
Zoological park of Paris
Versailles Chèvreloup Arboretum
Haute-Touche animal reserve
Jean-Henri Fabre museum
Botanical garden Val Rahmeh-Menton
Pataud shelter
Concarneau Marine Biology Station and Marinarium
La Jaÿsinia alpin garden
Paléosite de Sansan

Musém national d'Histoire naturelle © F-G Grandin MNHN

Sacré-Cœur (Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Montmartre) Roman Catholic church and minor basilica.
Sacré-Cœur was built between 1875 and 1914 from travertine limestone.
The style of the building refers to Roman-Byzantine architecture with Neo-classical elements.
The mosaic above the choir, titled The Triumph of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, is one of the largest mosaics in the world.
Length 85 metres, width 35 metres, height 83 metres.

The Musée des Arts Décoratifs (MAD) dates back to 1882.
It also includes the Musée Nissim de Camondo and the Ecole Camondo.
The collection includes original interior architecture, furniture, tapestries, wallpapers, ceramics and glass, as well as toys from the Middle Ages to the present day. It contains numerous works in the Art Nouveau and Art Déco styles. The collection is supplemented by rare examples of fashion, design and objects from the Middle East.
MAD owns over one million artifacts.

© MAD Paris - Photo Luc Boegly

A benchmark institution for modern and contemporary art

This is one of Europe’s greatest art museums. Located on Chaillot Hill in a building whose architecture is emblematic of the Art Deco period, the Musée d’Art Moderne de Paris is ideally suited to close-up study of the works on display. Its exhibitions and collections, which contain over 15,000 works in all, cover a period stretching from 1900 to the present day. The Musée d’Art Moderne was designed for the Paris International Exhibition in 1937 and is housed in the Tokyo Palace’s east wing.
Officially inaugurated in July 1961, the origins of its collection date back to the early years of the 20th century, the result of a long series of initiatives taken by the City of Paris and such acts of generosity as Doctor Girardin’s bequest in 1953, which was the real deciding factor behind the decision to open the Museum, and the historic donations by Mathilde Amos in 1955 and Germaine Henry–Robert Thomas in 1976.
Since the end of the Second World War, the Museum has acted as a trendsetter on behalf of a great many movements and artists: its programming is distinguished by its dynamism, originality and scientific rigour. Curiosity and the eye’s mobility ensure that the Musée d’Art Moderne de Paris remains an institution sensitive to the evolution of society, its concerns and its crises.


Major artists in the history of art

The MAM’s collections contain a total of 15,256 works by 2,322 artists and present the main artistic trends from the beginning of the 20th century to the present day, illustrated by major artists in the history of art, including Picasso, Dufy, Modigliani, Derain, Picabia, Robert and Sonia Delaunay, Suzanne Valadon, Christian Boltanski, Annette Messager, Philippe Parreno, Peter Doig, Elaine Sturtevant, Nina Childress, Danh Vo, Sheila Hicks and Judit Reigl. The Museum also possesses a number of rare and truly remarkable in situ works, including the first two versions of Matisse’s La Danse (The Dance), created in 1932 and 1931-1933, and Raoul Dufy’s La Fée électricité (The Electricity Fairy), a monumental work covering 600 square metres!
Marked by major monographic exhibitions devoted to such artists as Jean-Michel Basquiat, Keith Haring, Sonia Delaunay, Andy Warhol, Bernard Buffet, Sarah Moon, Victor Brauner and Hans Hartung, the Museum’s programming is guided by the need to create a balance between exhibitions sure to be a success with the public, historical retrospectives focusing on internationally acclaimed artists, and exhibitions devoted to artists and artistic trends still little known in France.
The institution also provides unexpected reinterpretations of art history, taking an innovative and very well documented approach, with such exhibitions as “Deadline” (2009), “L’Art en guerre” (Art at War – 2012), and “outsiders” projects highlighting such figures as Robert Crumb, Carol Rama, Henry Darger and Paula Modersohn-Becker, and the aesthetic ties and bonds of friendship between three artists in “Derain, Balthus and Giacometti” (2018), and the married couple Anni and Josef Albers. By taking an unconventional but critical look at contemporary visual creation in the 20th and 21st centuries, the Musée d’Art Moderne de Paris has confirmed its role as a “trailblazer”.


Key figures

13,500 m2 of museum surface area
600 m2 Raoul Dufy’s La Fée électricité (The Electricity Fairy), one of the largest paintings in the world
600,000 visitors on average every year
+ 400 works exhibited free of charge
+ 15,000 works in the collections


© : Louise Allavoine

Stiftung Preußische Schlösser und Gärten Berlin-Brandenburg (SPSG; Prussian Palaces and Gardens Foundation Berlin-Brandenburg) began operating in 1995.
The SPSG deals with the most important testimonies of Brandenburg-Prussia's culture, architecture and art history from the 17th century to the 20th century.
SPSG manages 30 museum castles and other museums, 800 hectares of historic parks, 100,000 works of art, 150 monuments and 300 architectural objects.
1) Palaces and gardens in Berlin:
Jagdschloss Grunewald
Jagdzeugmagazin am Jagdschloss Grunewald
Schlossgarten Charlottenburg
Schloss Charlottenburg
Neuer Pavillon im Schlossgarten Charlottenburg
Mausoleum im Schlossgarten Charlottenburg
Schloss Charlottenburg – Theaterbau
Schlossgarten Schönhausen
Schloss Schönhausen
Pfaueninsel
Schloss auf der Pfaueninsel
Meierei auf der Pfaueninsel
Park Glienicke
Schloss Glienicke
Casino Glienicke
2) Palaces and gardens in Potsdam:
Park Sanssouci
Schloss Sanssouci
Schlossküche Sanssouci
Damenflügel Schloss Sanssouci
Bildergalerie
Neue Kammern
Historische Mühle
Normannischer Turm auf dem Ruinenberg
Neues Palais
Belvedere auf dem Klausberg
Chinesisches Haus
Orangerieschloss
Schloss Charlottenhof
Römische Bäder im Park Sanssouci
Friedenskirche
Dampfmaschinenhaus (Moschee)
Neuer Garten
Schloss Cecilienhof
Marmorpalais
Belvedere auf dem Pfingstberg
Pomonatempel auf dem Pfingstberg
Park Babelsberg
Schloss Babelsberg
Flatowturm im Park Babelsberg
Park Sacrow
Schloss Sacrow
Jagdschloss Stern
3) Palaces and gardens in the state of Brandenburg:
Schloss & Lustgarten Rheinsberg
Schlossmuseum Oranienburg
Schloss & Schlossgarten Caputh
Schloss & Schlossgarten Königs Wusterhausen
Schloss & Schlossgarten Paretz
Schlossremise Paretz

Opera della Primaziale Pisana (O₽A) is a secular-ecclesiastical body managing the complex of the Cathedral of Pisa. Its origins date back to 1063.
O₽A includes the Cathedral, the Leaning Tower of Pisa, the Baptistery and the Camposanto (monumental cemetery). As well as the Sinopie Museum (Sinòpia - a preparatory drawing applied to the first layer of plaster under the fresco), opened in 1979, and the Opera del Duomo Museum, opened in 1986, exhibiting the treasures of the cathedral and other finds excavated within the cathedral complex.

Parco Archeologico di Pompei has been operating under its current name since 2017.
Parco Archeologico di Pompei covers an area of ​​67 hectares of the ancient city covered with a layer of volcanic ash and pumice stone by the volcano Vesuvius during the eruption in 79 AD. At the Parco Archeologico di Pompei you can visit, among others: the Amphitheater, the Temple of Apollo, the House of Faun.

Foro © Silvia Vacca

Petra - a historic and archaeological city with numerous structures carved into the rocks.
The following periods are distinguished in the development of Petra's architecture:
- Nabatean (3rd-2nd century BC),
- Hellenistic (1st century BC - 1st century AD),
- Roman (2nd-3rd century AD),
- Byzantine (4th-6th century AD).
The most famous examples of Petra's architecture are:
- Al-Khazneh (Treasury),
- en-Nejr theater,
- the Urn Tombs,
- Qasr al-Bint temple,
- Ad Deir (Monastery).
Within the ancient city are the Petra Archaeological Park (PAP), which covers an area of 264,000 square meters, and the Petra Museum with its 280 artifacts.

The oldest ruins of the Mayan city-state known today as Palenque date back to the 5th century BC. A city-state after the fall in the 9th century AD the jungle overgrown. The Spaniards first found themselves in Palenque in 1567, and in 1773 the exploration of the ruins began.
The most important buildings are Temple of the Inscriptions, Temples of the Cross group, Palace.
Among other things, the jade mask of King K'inich Janab Pakal and the mask of the Red Queen were found in the Palenque tombs.
By 2005, an area of approximately 2.5 square kilometers had been exposed from the jungle. It is estimated that it is not even 2% of the area occupied by the city-state, and over a thousand objects are still covered by the jungle.
Currently, Palenque is part of the Zona Arqueológica de Palenque (INAH) and the Parque Nacional Palenque. The Palenque houses the Museo de Sitio de Palenque 'Alberto Ruz Lhuillier' and the Museo del Textil Lak Puj Kul.

Chichen Itza is an ancient Maya and Toltec Mesoamerican city. The main monuments are: Temple of Kukulcan, Temple of the Warriors, Great Ball Court, Sacred Cenote. Managed by the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH) - National Institute of Anthropology and History.

The "Museum of Warsaw" did not inform about the number of exhibits in the collection, the exhibition area, etc. Contrary to the judgment of the Supreme Administrative Court, reference number I OSK 634/14 did not provide public information about Marta Żakowska, Anna Duńczyk-Szulc, Rafał Kownacki, Marta Grom, Karolina Ziębińska-Lewandowska, such as: education, promotions, professional career, competences. By order signed by Rafał Trzaskowski (PO, KO), Karolina Ziębińska-Lewandowska took the position of director of the "Museum of Warsaw" from January 1, 2021. The deputy chairman of the "Museum of Warsaw" council is Jack L., brought to Poland in 2008 by Bogdan Z. (PO, KO). In 2015, the "Museum of Warsaw" tried to take over the Museum of Caricature against public opinion.
About the "Museum of Warsaw" read, for example:
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2015/02/rekrutacje-do-muzeum-warszawy.html
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2023/07/aplikujacy-nie-zosta-wskazany-jako.html
https://zwokandy.blogspot.com/2024/05/tzw-noc-muzeow-i-pikiety-muzealnikow.html

The Serralves Museum was opened in 1999.
It is a museum of contemporary art where you can see works by artists such as Franz West, Claes Oldenburg or Richard Hamilton at temporary exhibitions (no permanent exhibitions).
The museum building covers an area of 13,000 square meters, including 4,500 square meters for exhibition space.

Museu Nacional da Imprensa, Jornais e Artes Gráficas (MNI, National Museum of the Press, Newspapers and Graphic Arts) founded in 1997.
MNI presents the historical processes of typesetting, printing and binding. The MNI has the International Cartoons Gallery.

Tsarskoe Selo (the Tsarskoe Selo State Museum and Heritage Site) was the summer residence of the Russian Tsars. Expanded from the beginning of the 18th century to the beginning of the 20th century. The main buildings of the residential complex are Catherine Palace erected in the style of Russian Baroque and the classical Alexander Palace. There was now a lost Amber Room in Catherine Palace. Currently, the reconstruction can be visited at Catherine Palace. In the palace-and-park ensemble of Tsarskoe Selo covering an area of ​​300 hectares, there are scattered over one hundred historical monuments.
In 1918, Catherine Palace was opened as a museum.

Palmyra, the ancient city, began to develop and become important in the Bronze Age, around the second millennium BC. Palmyra was an important trading center on the caravan route that connected Persia with the Mediterranean coast. The city reached the peak of its development during the Roman period, especially in the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD.
Main monuments of Palmyra (ruins, severely damaged in 2015-2017):
1. Temple of Bel
2. Arc de Triomphe
3. Colonnade (over a kilometer long colonnade was the main artery of the city, it consisted of a series of Corinthian columns that led from the Temple of Bel in the east to the Funeral Temple No. 86 in the western part of the city)
4. Roman Theater
5. Agora (the city's central commercial and administrative square)
6. Temple of Baalshamin
7. Tower Tombs (Valley of Tombs)
8. Diocletian's Camp
9. Tetrapylon (consisted of four groups of four columns)
10. Temple of Al-Lat
The archaeological site of Palmyra covers over 1,640 hectares.
Antiquities from Palmyra are presented in many museums around the world, including:
1. National Museum in Damascus
2. Palmyra Museum (closed since 2015)
3. Louvre
4. British Museum
5. Vatican Museums
6. Pergamonmuseum
7. Metropolitan Museum of Art
8. Museum of Islamic Art (MIA), Qatar Museums

The Philadelphia Museum of Art was founded in 1876.
It has significant collections of European, American and Asian art. The Philadelphia Museum of Art includes, among others: the world's largest collection of works by Marcel Duchamp, an important collection of sculptures by Auguste Rodin, important paintings by Édouard Manet, Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Paul Cézanne and Vincent van Gogh, the richest collection of paintings in the USA by Thomas Eakins, a collection of Paul Strand's photographs, Shakers' crafts, numerous "period rooms" and architectural ensembles from around the world, e.g. from China, India, Japan, United Kingdom and France, a collection of weapons and combat gear second largest in the USA.
The entire collection of the Philadelphia Museum of Art includes over 240,000 exhibits.