National Museum of the Islamic Revolution and Holy Defense revolves around a series of concepts from the beginning of Iran's history until present times; the first hall is exclusively about the Islamic revolution and the next six ones are related to the Holy Defense (Iran-Iraq war 1980-1988). Through the use of visual and conceptual media, these halls display the chronology of developments in Iran and present a totally new definition of the concept of museums.

National Museum of the Philippines created in 1901.
The National Museum Complex in Manila includes the National Museum of Fine Arts, National Museum of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, and National Planetarium.
In the National Museum of the Philippines, among the National Cultural Treasures on display you can find: Manunggul Burial Jar from the Neolithic period, Butuan Balangay Boat dated 320 AD which is the first balangay excavated by the National Museum of the Philippines, astrolabes recovered from the wreckage of the San Diego galleon.
The National Museum of the Philippines manages over a dozen regional museums located all over the Philippines, and regional museums have a dozen more a regional branches.

The National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Qazaqstan Respýblıkasynyń Ulttyq mýzeıі) opened in 2014. It is one of the largest museums in Central Asia.
The museum presents the history and culture of Kazakhstan from prehistoric times to the present day. Permanent exhibitions include:
- Central entrance - Atrium
- Hall of Astana
- Hall of History
- Hall of Ancient and Medieval History
- Hall of Gold 1
- Hall of Gold 2
- Hall of Kazakhstan Independence
- Ethnography hall
- Hall of Modern Art 1
- Hall of Modern Art 2
The symbol of Kazakhstan stored in the museum is the so-called "Golden Man" - these are the remains of an ancient ruler - a warrior in golden robes discovered near Almaty.
The number of museum objects is about 220,000.
The museum complex has an area of 74,000 square meters, of which the exhibition halls occupy 14,000 square meters.

The National Museum of the U.S. Air Force has faced controversy mainly over serious collection mismanagement in the late 1990s and early 2000s, when internal audits and investigations revealed that thousands of artifacts had gone missing, been improperly disposed of, or stolen, including historically significant items. A former museum official was implicated, and weak record-keeping, poor oversight, and inactive advisory boards were criticized by investigators and veterans’ groups. Although reforms were reportedly introduced afterward, the episode damaged public trust and highlighted broader ethical and accountability challenges in managing military heritage.
Director David Tillotson

National Museum of the Village "Dimitrie Gusti" (Muzeul National al Satului "Dimitrie Gusti") founded in 1936.
On the premises of the museum there are farms, peasant houses, craft workshops, Orthodox churches, a chapel, an inn with interior furnishings such as furniture, ceramics, fabrics, tools. Most of the buildings are 17th to 20th century originals from all over Romania.
The permanent exhibition includes 123 separate complexes, which include 363 architectural monuments and over 50,000 artifacts.
The exhibition area is approximately 12.5 ha.

The National Museum of Western Art was opened in 1959.
He collects art from Western countries from the Renaissance to the 20th century. It has about 4500 exhibits.

National museum (Národní muzeum) founded in 1818, located in several buildings in Prague and beyond.
Museum collections: Asian cultures, ethnographic, non-European ethnography, numismatic, non-European numismatics, Middle East and Africa in Antiquity, photographic of the Náprstek Museum, Náprstek inventory, Náprstek Museum archives, musical instruments, Department of Music History, Antonín Dvořák Museum, Bedřich Smetana Museum, book, book culture, manuscripts and early prints, historical journals, entomological, archeology, classical archeology, historical, theater, Museum of the Workers' Movement in the National Museum Archives, modern Czech history, Museum of the Workers' Movement, National Museum Archives, Czechoslovak Documentation Center, Department of the History of Physical Education and Sports - 3D objects, photo archive of the Department of the History of Physical Training and Sports, archives of the history of physical education and sports, paleontological, lichenological, anthropology, botanical and herbarium, mycological, geological, cut gemstones, petrographic, tektites, meteorites, mineralogical, mammals, fishes, invertebrates, excluding insects, amphibians and reptiles, birds.
All collections include over 20 million items.

The National Museums Scotland (NMS) was formed in 1985, however, it originates from the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland founded in 1780.
The museum consists of:
- National Museum of Scotland
- National Museum of Flight
- National War Museum
- National Museum of Rural Life
- National Museums Collection Centre
The exhibitions display 8,000 exhibits, mainly Scottish archaeological monuments but also objects from around the world in the fields of geology, natural history, art as well as science and technology.

The National Palace Museum was originally created as the Palace Museum in the Forbidden City in 1925.
The permanent collection consists of nearly 700,000 exhibits of ancient Chinese artifacts and works of art collected by Chinese emperors. The museum has Chinese calligraphy, porcelain, bronze, paintings, jade. The museum collections present art from the Neolithic era to the present day.

National Palace Museum of Korea founded in 1908 as the Korean Imperial Museum. The museum occupies in Gyeongbokgung Palace, Seoul. In its collection, the museum has over 40,000 artifacts from the time of Joseon Dynasty and the Korean Empire.

Founded in 1856, the National Portrait Gallery tells the story of Britain through portraits, using art to bring history to life and explore living today. From global icons, to unsung heroes, our Collection is filled with the stories that have shaped, and continue to shape a nation. We celebrate the power of portraiture and offer encounters with some of the world’s greatest and most exciting new artists, promoting engagement with portraiture in all media to a wide- ranging public by conserving, growing and sharing the world’s largest collection of portraits.

National Portrait Gallery Forecourt, photo © Olivier Hess

Established in 1962, the National Portrait Gallery is part of the Smithsonian Institution.
The National Portrait Gallery tells the history of America by presenting portraits of famous Americans - politicians, artists, scientists, explorers. It has, among other things, a representative collection of portraits of American presidents.
The National Portrait Gallery has gathered over 23,000 objects.


National Portrait Gallery Building by Tony Powell, 2019

The National Portrait Gallery has been operating as an unassisted institution since 1998.
The national collection of portraits includes about 3,000 photographs, paintings, sculptures, drawings and multimedia.

The National Science and Technology Museum (NSTM) opened to the public in 1997.
NSTM covers an area of 19 hectares, the area of one floor is 112,400 square meters. It presents 18 permanent exhibitions in separate halls. Permanent exhibitions are devoted to: industrial history, air navigation and aerospace, biological technology, clothing and textiles, healthy living, food industry, energy conservation, machines, utilization of water resources, transportation, the diseases prevention.

National September 11 Memorial & Museum opened to the public in 2014.
The monument and museum in New York commemorate the attacks of September 11, 2001.
The museum collection includes, among others, over 40,000 paintings and 14,000 artifacts.

The National Space Museum, a facility under the National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA). Located at the Obasanjo Space Centre on Umaru Musa Yar'Adua Expressway in Abuja, the museum serves as a gateway to understanding the nation's space endeavours and the broader universe.
A significant development for the museum is a public-private partnership with Milky-Way Visuals Ltd., the commercial arm of NASRDA. This collaboration is set to transform the museum into a world-class facility, complete with a state-of-the-art planetarium. The N3.5 billion project, financed by private investment, aims to enhance the visitor experience through cutting-edge technology, interactive science exhibits, and robust educational programs.
Unveiling Nigeria's Space Saga: The Exhibits
The museum's collection is designed to chronicle Nigeria's space journey and inspire future generations. Information points to several key attractions:
Real-time Satellite Visualization: This interactive exhibit is a major draw, allowing visitors to see real-time data and visualizations of satellites in orbit, including Nigeria's own fleet like NigeriaSat-2, NigeriaSat-X etc. This display offers insight into the different types of satellites, their orbits, and their critical functions in communications, remote sensing, and more.
The Astronomy Corner: Delving into the wonders of the universe, this section provides an engaging and interactive learning experience about celestial objects. Visitors can expect to learn about stars, galaxies, planets, and other phenomena that populate the cosmos.
Showcasing Nigerian Satellites: The museum undoubtedly features exhibits detailing Nigeria's satellite missions, from the launch of NigeriaSat-1 to the latest advancements. These displays include models of Nigerian satellites and information on their contributions to national development in areas such as agriculture, security, and disaster management etc.
Interactive Learning: In line with the partnership with Milky-Way Visuals, the museum features a strong emphasis on interactive and hands-on learning experiences. This includes the development of educational materials and the hosting of STEM workshops for all ages, aimed at fostering a greater understanding and appreciation of space science and technology.

The National Taiwan Science Education Center (NTSEC) was founded in 1956.
NTSEC deals with broadly understood scientific education. It presents permanent and temporary exhibitions mainly in the field of natural and earth sciences, mathematics, physics, chemistry and materials science.

The National Textile Museum opened to the public in 2010.
The museum is divided into four galleries:
1. Pohon Budi Gallery presents the origin of textiles from prehistoric times to the present day and their development through trade,
2. Pelangi Gallery, among others, various types of batiks and their development over the years.
3. Teluk Berantai Galery, among others, a collection of gold embroidery, embroidered applications on velvet and silk,
4. Ratna Sari Gallery, Malay, Chinese, Indian and other ethnic artisan jewelry.
It covers an area of 3,145.3 square meters.

The history of the Nationalmuseum dates back to 1792.
Collections include:
- paintings, sculptures, drawings and graphics from 1500-1900, including the 17th-century Rembrandt collection
- portraits from the early Middle Ages to the present day
- the world's largest collection of portrait miniatures, with over 5,200 works
- porcelain collections
- modern art
- applied art and design
The collections number approximately 700,000 objects, of which 500,000 are drawings.

Nationalmuseum Stockholm, interior Upper Staircase. Photo Anna Danielsson, Nationalmuseum

Natural History Museum opened in 1881.
The collection includes over 80 million exhibits and is divided into:
- mineralogy
- botany
- entomology
- paleontology
- zoology


Photo copyright Natural History Museum

The Natural History Museum - Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science (Museum für Naturkunde [MfN] - Leibniz Institut für Evolutions und Biodiversitätsforschung) dates back to 1810.
MfN is one of the world's most important research institutions in the field of biological and geoscientific evolution and biodiversity.
MfN has in its collections, inter alia, the largest mounted dinosaur in the world (a Giraffatitan skeleton) and the largest piece of amber in the world.
MfN stores over 30 million objects in the field of zoology, palaeontology, geology and mineralogy, of which 0.02% is exhibited.
The exhibition area is 4,400 square meters.

Dinosaur Hall in the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, visible, among others, a fragment of a Giraffatitan brancai skeleton. Photo: Thomas Rosenthal

The Natural History Museum (Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, NHM) opened to the public in 1889.
The entire collection consists of about 30 million objects. Of which over 100,000 objects are on display in 39 rooms with an area of 8,460 square meters.
The collection includes, among others:
- the Venus of Willendorf, about 29,500 years old
- a sea mermaid that became extinct more than 200 years ago
- dinosaur skeletons such as diplodocus, allosaurus and iguanodon
- complete skeletons of large mammals, such as Deinotherium (hoe tusker)
- the largest and oldest meteorite collection in the world, with the Martian meteorite "Tissint"

© NHM Vienna, Kurt Kracher

NEMO Science Museum was opened in 1997, however it dates back to 1923.
Exhibitions are devoted to electricity and electrical engineering as well as DNA, chain reaction, production line, water cycle, human mind, metals, buildings and business. Part of the exhibition is a large science laboratory.
Consists of the NEMO Science Museum, The Studio, and NEMO Depot. It has a NEMO Schiphol branch at Amsterdam-Schiphol airport.
The collection includes over 19,000 artefacts.

© DigiDaan

Notre-Dame de Paris (Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris) was constructed between 1163 and 1345, taking nearly 200 years to complete. It is one of the finest examples of French Gothic architecture.
Key Features of the Style:
- Pointed Arches: Used in windows, doors, and vaults for structural and aesthetic reasons.
- Ribbed Vaults: Allowed for higher ceilings and more complex roof designs.
- Flying Buttresses: First used extensively at Notre-Dame, these external supports countered the lateral thrust of the tall walls, enabling larger windows.
- Rose Windows: Notable circular stained-glass windows, especially the North and South Rose Windows.
- Sculptural Decoration: Richly adorned with gargoyles, statues of saints, and scenes from biblical stories.
Notre-Dame embodies the transition from Romanesque to Gothic architecture, blending intricate design with engineering innovation.
Notre-Dame de Paris is treasured not only for its architectural grandeur but also for the historic artifacts and symbolic significance it houses. Here are some of the most valuable aspects:
1. Religious Relics
Notre-Dame is home to some of the most sacred Christian relics:
- Crown of Thorns: Believed to have been worn by Jesus Christ during his crucifixion. It is the most famous relic housed at Notre-Dame.
- Fragment of the True Cross: Allegedly a piece of the cross on which Jesus was crucified.
- One of the Holy Nails: Said to have been used in Christ's crucifixion.
These relics are preserved in a specially designed reliquary and are venerated by pilgrims worldwide.
2. Stained Glass Windows
- The Rose Windows (North, South, and West) are masterpieces of Gothic art, dating back to the 13th century. They depict biblical scenes and saints in vivid colors and intricate patterns.
- These windows are not only beautiful but also an invaluable record of medieval craftsmanship and artistry.
3. Sculptures and Statues
- The Gallery of Kings: A series of statues depicting 28 biblical kings of Judah, positioned above the entrance portals.
- Gargoyles and Chimeras: Functional as rainwater spouts and symbolic protectors of the cathedral.
4. The Great Organ
- One of the largest and most famous pipe organs in the world, with five keyboards and nearly 8,000 pipes, some dating back to the 18th century. It is a cornerstone of Notre-Dame’s musical heritage.
5. The Bells
- The cathedral’s bells, especially the great bourdon bell "Emmanuel", have been iconic symbols of French history, ringing during major national and religious events.
Overall Dimensions:
- Length: 128 meters
- Width: 48 meters
- Height of Towers: 69 meters
- Height of the Spire: 96 meters